A Detailed Linguistic Analysis of Doctrine and Covenants 132

Authors

  • Ethan Lloyd Independent Researcher Author

Keywords:

Doctrine and Covenants 132, Nauvoo polygamy, Origins of Mormon Polygamy, Revelations

Abstract

The origin of Doctrine and Covenants 132 has long been disputed, but debates over its authorship have largely depended on conflicting historical memories and later narrative reconstructions. This study approaches the question from a different angle by examining how the text itself is written. Rather than asking what later witnesses claimed, it asks whether the language of D&C 132 resembles the language Joseph Smith consistently used in his other revelations. Using established techniques from computational linguistics to compare patterns of common words and sentence structure, this paper evaluates whether D&C 132 fits Joseph Smith’s known writing style. The results show that large portions of the text differ markedly from his authenticated revelations in tone, structure, and habitual word use. These differences persist even when controlling for subject matter, historical period, and genre, suggesting that they are not merely the result of topic or audience. While this study does not attempt to resolve every historical question surrounding the text’s transmission, it demonstrates that stylometric evidence offers an independent and measurable basis for reassessing the authorship and composition of Doctrine and Covenants 132.

Author Biography

  • Ethan Lloyd, Independent Researcher

    Ethan Lloyd is a graduate of Utah Valley University, where he earned a B.A. in National Security Studies with a Certificate in Intelligence last year. His experience includes serving as Editor-in-Chief of the UVU Security Review, working with the Emerging Tech Policy Lab on cybersecurity and emerging technology projects, and leading open-source intelligence efforts at the Utah Statewide Information Analysis Center and the Institute for the Study of War. He is fluent in Spanish and has gained international experience through study abroad and humanitarian work. When not doing Book of Mormon geography or other scripture research, he enjoys spending his free time with his family, being outside, sports, and exploring in nature. 

Published

— Updated on 2026-02-28